Health Benefits of Oyster Mushrooms-By Dr.Kalonga,AE.

Health Benefits of Oyster Mushrooms-By Dr.Kalonga,AE.

Introduction.

Oyster mushrooms are a diverse group of saprotrophic fungi belonging to the genus Pleurotus(Kalonga,AE.2015). These mushrooms are a good source of non‑starchy carbohydrates,with high content of dietary fiber and moderate quantity of proteins, including most amino acids, minerals, and vitamins. The protein content varies from 1.6 to 2.5%, and the niacin content is about ten times higher than that of any other vegetable. Moreover,oyster mushrooms are rich in Vitamin C, B complex, and mineral salts required by the human body. Mushroom production in rural communities can alleviate poverty and improve the diversification of agricultural production (KalongaAE,.2010).For successful cultivation, it is important to select high‑yielding strains. However, the

production and yield performance of commercial strains of mushrooms tend to decrease after consecutive subculturing. Therefore, more information about this genus and its species is necessary to identify good strains to ensure continuous yield improvement and to screen the efficient varieties for cultivation.Oyster mushroom can grow at moderate temperatures, ranging from 20 to 30°C, and at a humidity of 55–70%, on various agricultural waste materials used as substrate. Because of its flexible nature,the Pleurotus genus is more cultivated than any other mushroom species (Rosadoal.,2002). The climatic conditions and seasonal diversity of Tanzania is ideal for the cultivation of the oyster mushroom.

One cup of sliced oyster mushrooms has 28 calories and less than 1 gram of fat,yet delivers 2 grams of fiber and 3 grams of protein.Per serving, men gain 5 percent of their recommended daily intake of both fiber and protein,while women get 6 percent of their daily protein and 8 percent of dietary fiber.The same portion also provides 8 percent of the daily value of potassium, vitamin B-6 and folate.The following are the main contents of Oyster mushrooms:-

Iron.

Proteins that contain iron are responsible for moving oxygen through blood and into tissues by the formation of Haemoglobin. Iron-dependent enzymes initiate biochemical processes that produce energy and help the liver remove toxins from the bloodstream. In the immune system, iron is essential for the growth of T lymphocytes, which are special cells that destroy viruses and tumor cells.Men should consume 8 milligrams of iron daily,while women need 18

milligrams. One cup of oyster mushrooms provides 12 percent of the daily intake for men and 6 percent for women.

Niacin.

Almost 200 enzymes depend on niacin to perform their jobs activating biochemical reactions. In this role, niacin helps metabolize carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Processes that repair damaged DNA, the carrier of genetic information,also depend on niacin. It contributes to heart health by lowering bad cholesterol and raising good cholesterol.Men need slightly more niacin than women,so they get 25 percent of their recommended daily intake, while women gain 29 percent.

Vitamin D.

Mushrooms are one of the few plant sources of vitamin D. They contain a substance -- ergosterol -- that turns into vitamin D as it’s exposed to ultraviolet light. Your body can't absorb calcium without vitamin D. It also regulates genes that influence cell growth and enzymes in the immune system. Vitamin D helps protect your heart by lowering blood pressure.The amount of vitamin D varies depending on the length of exposure to ultraviolet light. Oyster mushrooms may have as much as 103 international units in 100 grams, which is a little less than 1 cup.

Antioxidants.

Oyster mushrooms and other types of fungi are the only sources of ergothioneine, which functions as an antioxidant and lowers systemic inflammation. Oyster mushrooms are one of the best

antioxidants sources.Ergothioneine may prevent the buildup of plaque in the arteries that leads to cardiovascular disease.

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