MUSHROOM ANATOMY-Dr.Kalonga,AE.

A mushroom is a macrofungus with a distinctive fruiting body, which can be found either above ground (epigeous) or below ground (hypogeous), large enough to be seen with the naked eye and to be picked by hand. Cultivation of mushrooms starts from spawn, which is used to inoculate substrate. Under optimum conditions, mushrooms can be harvested from 10 days to 6 months after spawning depending upon the strains of species used.              Mushrooms are not plants but are fungi.Yet they are related to that green mold that grows on your bread  when it gets old. They do not reproduce by seeds but instead produce spores that are released from the mushroom when it’s mature.Most mushrooms do not require light to grow like plants do,since they do not have chlorophyll to carryout photosynthesis.Let’s start with some basic terminology.

1.Spores-Mushroom spores are produced on the gill of the cap of the mushroom. There are microscopic and similar to seeds of higher plant life. Spores are used to spawn mushroom compost.

2.Spawn-Sorghum, millet are cook with water and sometime gypsum is added then it is all steam sterilized. Mycelium is added to whatever grain you used and are allowed to grow for 10-17 days. The mycelium will completely colonize (grow) on the grain and this is called spawn.
 
3.Mycelium-The vegetative part of a fungus, consist of many fine white filaments called Hyphae.
 
4.Hyphae-Single strands of mushroom mycelium.
 
5.Primordia (pins or pinheads)-Tiny fruiting mushrooms that are roughly 1/8 to 1/4 of inch in diameter.
 
6.Inoculation-The process of introducing spores or mycelium culture to a substrate.
 
7.Substrate-its the material the mushrooms live on and grow. Depending on the mushroom the substrate maybe different. Some examples are compost, wood, sawdust, hay etc.
 
8.Incubation-The time after inoculation and before the mycelium has fully colonized its substrate. This step is done in a sterile environment to prevent/reduce contamination.

Basic Mushroom Anatomy.

Mushroom Cap-outer part of the mushroom. The gills are underneath
Gills- spores are released from the gills of mature mushrooms
Stipe or stem-supports the cap of the mushroom
Mycelium (hyphae)-similar to roots. This is where a fungus absorbs its nutrients.

Basic Mushroom Reproduction.

Mushrooms reproduce by releasing spores. If these spores fall on the correct substrate for them to grow they germinate (begin to grow). They start by developing mycelium. The mycelium keep branching out until there a trigger to tell them that they need to start forming fruit bodies. This trigger can be a number of things like: changes in CO2 levels, reaching the surface of the substrate they are in or a decrease in nutrients. At this point the mycelium begin to produce pinheads (small immature mushrooms). The pinheads grow and if not harvest will reach maturity and start the process all over again.

Mamaland Mushroom Farm(2016). 

E-Mail:-Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com, 

Phone:+2550682757566/+255752007108. 

Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:Mamaland mushroom farm. Blog:Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com

#Mushroom_Is_Therapy.

THE EFFECT OF LAVOSTATIN FOUND IN MUSHROOM ON LOWELING CHOLESTEROL AND REDUCING RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES-Dr.Kalonga,AE .

THE EFFECT OF LAVOSTATIN FOUND IN MUSHROOM ON LOWELING CHOLESTEROL AND REDUCING RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES-Dr.Kalonga,AE .

 

   Lovastatin is a statin drug, used for lowering cholesterol (hypolipidemic agent) in those with hypercholesterolemia to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. Lovastatin is a naturally occurring compound found in food such as oyster mushrooms.
     Lovastatin is an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate.Mevalonate is a required building block for cholesterol biosynthesis and lovastatin interferes with its production by acting as a reversible competitive inhibitor for HMG-CoA, which binds to the HMG-CoA reductase. Lovastatin is a prodrug, an inactive lactone in its native form, the gamma-lactone closed ring form in which it is administered, is hydrolysed in vivo to the β-hydroxy acid open ring form; which is the active form.

Lovastatin and other statins have recently been studied for their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects in certain cancers.
     Oyster mushrooms are a natural source of lovastatin--a chemical used in pharmaceutical drugs to produce expensive drugs such as Mevacor,Advicor,Altocor and Altoprev used to reduce total cholesterol levels in humans. Lovastatin works in the body to inhibit the production of cholesterol, with a special affinity for inhibiting LDL cholesterol.

For more information contact us through:-

Mamaland Mushroom Farm(2016). 

E-Mail:-Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com, 

Phone:+2550682757566/+255752007108. 

Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:Mamaland mushroom farm. Blog:Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com

#Mushroom_Is_Therapy.

START YOUR OWN MUSHROOM BUSINESS FOR PROFIT.

START YOUR OWN MUSHROOM BUSINESS FOR PROFIT.

A mushroom farming business can be a mean of big profit in just a few weeks with considerably low start up capital investment to start a business. A person who has little bit of idea in the science & technology of mushroom growing and has an own building for having the farm – mushroom farming business will be the perfect option for him to start. The cultivation of mushroom is an art and requires both study and experience.
   An expert who has worked before on a mushroom farm can start his own mushroom farming business. Otherwise it is always better to have a technical training on mushroom farming to gain expertise. You can contact Mamaland Mushroom Farm for specific training for mushroom farming at their e-mail Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com.
 You can buy ready-to-inoculate spawns from Mamaland Mushroom Farm whose produced spawns can be cheaper for profitable mushroom growers.

For more information contact us through:-

Mamaland Mushroom Farm(2016). 

E-Mail:-Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com, 

Phone:+2550682757566/+255752007108. 

Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:Mamaland mushroom farm. Blog:Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com

#Mushroom_Is_Therapy.

MAMALAND MUSHROOM PRODUCTION GUIDE FOR YOU.

MAMALAND MUSHROOM PRODUCTION GUIDE FOR YOU.

*Have you already attempted growing mushrooms but experienced problems due to contamination?*

**If you have, then our MUSHROOM PRODUCTION:An  Illustrated  Guide is for you!**

 By following our highly effective and easy to implement mushroom growing guide, you will save yourself the time and frustration that comes with learning how to cultivate mushrooms on your own.

Why the Guide is for you?  

-Easy to Implement. -Over the years I have discovered many adjustments which have eliminated any unnecessary work and maximized the results.

One notable difference that sets my guide apart from other guides on the market is that I have divided the growing process into two parts.  This allows you to concentrate on only one part at a time and you can get started without having to buy everything all at once.  

-A Highly Refined and Proven Technique.-Save yourself all of the time and frustration that I went through while learning how to grow mushrooms on my own. 

-Contaminate Resistant Formula. -Learn the exact materials and techniques I use that contamination is almost a non-issue when following this guide.

• Perfect for Beginners or Intermediate Growers-The technique outlined in my guide, is an easier and more effective method for both beginners and intermediate growers..

• Affordable Start up Costs and Minimal Recurring Costs-Almost all of the growing equipment is re-usable and only needs to be purchased once. Besides the cost of this guide, if you have to purchase all the required materials, the total cost will be comparably low.Most of the non-reusable ingredients are sold in quantities large enough to last for at least two grows.

• Produces a Good Yield -The great thing about my method is that even though the process is easy to implement, the results are very good. I typically yield between 1-2 kg of flesh mushrooms per bag!  

• Very Discreet-While the mushrooms are growing, the only thing that is visible is an ordinary mushroom gowing bags.There are no cords, or mechanical devices to make noise or attract attention. 

• Easily Obtainable Growing Materials-All of the materials required to follow my guide can be purchased manually or online.This is convenient because if any of the equipment breaks, it is very easy to replace. 

ONLY FOR TSH.10,000/=

E-Mail:-Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com,

Phone:+2550682757566/+255752007108.

Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:Mamaland mushroom farm.

Blog:Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com.

#Mushroom_Is_Therapy.

MBEGU BORA ZA UYOGA ZINAUZWA.

MBEGU BORA ZA UYOGA ZINAUZWA.

Baadhi ya sifa za mbegu tunazozalisha ni kama ifuatavyo:-

• Mbegu ni bora na salama kwa ajili ya uzalishaji wenye ufanisi.
• Upakiaji salama katika chupa zisizosumbua wakati wa upandikizaji wa uyoga.
• Chupa zenye ujazo sahihi kwa wazalishaji (300 mls) iwezayo kupandikiza mifuko zaidi ya minne.
• Usafirishaji wenye kuaminika mpaka ulipo.
• Bei inayomuweza mzalishaji mdogo kunufaika.

Pia tunatoa mafunzo na huduma za msaada wa uzalishaji kwa wazalishaji wapya au wasio na uzoefu.Machapisho yenye maelezo na vielelezo yanapatikana kwa gharama nafuu.

   Kwa maelezo na kutoa oda,wasiliana nasi kupitia mawasiliano yafuatayo:-

Mamaland Mushroom Farm(2015). 

E-Mail:-Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com, 

Phone:+2550682757566/+255752007108. 

Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:Mamaland mushroom farm. Blog:Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com

#Mushroom_Is_Therapy.

MAFUNZO YA UZALISHAJI WA UYOGA.

MAMALAND MUSHROOM FARM  

Tunakuletea 

MAFUNZO YA UZALISHAJI WA UYOGA. 

Kwa nini uzalishaji wa uyoga ni fursa kubwa? 

-Uzalishaji wa uyoga kibiashara ni njia rahisi kwa makundi mbali mbali ya kijamii kujipatia kipato na kuboresha maisha. 

-Uzalishaji wa uyoga hutoa fursa kwa watu wasiomiliki mashamba kuweza kufanya kilimo hata mijini kwa sababu hakihitaji uwe na shamba. 

-Pia kwa waajiriwa ni rahisi kufanya kilimo-biashara cha uyoga kwa sababu hakihitaji muda mrefu wa huduma kwa siku (masaa manne kwa wiki). 

-Hakihitaji mtaji mkubwa kama ilivozoeleka katika kilimo cha mazao mengi. 

-Hakihitaji mbolea wala dawa za kufukuza wadudu. 

-Hutoa fursa za ajira kwa vijana,vikundi vya kimaendeleo na wakina mama.
-Hurudisha faida ndani ya muda mfupi (unaanza kuvuna ndani ya siku 26 tu) na unavuna kwa miezi mitatu mbele kuanzia siku ya 26 baada ya kupanda.

MAMALAND MUSHROOM FARM tunawaletea mafunzo ya uzalishaji wa uyoga kibiashara kama njia ya kujiongezea kipato popote.

Wasiliana nasi kupitia:- 

Mamaland Mushroom Farm(2016). 

E-Mail:-Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com, 

Phone:+2550682757566/+255752007108. 

Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:Mamaland mushroom farm. Blog:Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com

#Mushroom_Is_Therapy.

 

The effects of β-D-glucan found in mushroom on human immune and cancer cells.-Dr.Kalonga,AE.

   Non-prescriptional use of medicinal herbs among cancer patients is common around the world. The alleged anti-cancer effects of most herbal extracts are mainly based on studies derived from in vitro or in vivo animal experiments. The current information suggests that these herbal extracts exert their biological effect either through cytotoxic or immunomodulatory mechanisms. One of the active compounds responsible for the immune effects of herbal products is in the form of complex polysaccharides known as β-glucans.

     β-glucans are one of the most abundant forms of polysaccharides found inside the cell wall of bacteria and fungus. All β-glucans are glucose polymers linked together by a 1→ 3 linear β-glycosidic chain core and they differ from each other by their length and branching structures.

Current data suggests that β-glucans are potent immunomodulators with effects on both innate and adaptive immunity. The ability of the innate immune system to quickly recognize and respond to an invading pathogen is essential for controlling infection. Dectin-1, which is a type II transmembrane protein receptor that binds β-1,3 and β-1,6 glucans, can initiate and regulate the innate immune response. It recognizes β-glucans found in the bacterial or fungal cell wall with the advantage that β-glucans are absent in human cells. It then triggers effective immune responses including phagocytosis and proinflammatory factors production, leading to the elimination of infectious agents. Dectin-1 is expressed on cells responsible for innate immune response and has been found in macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells.

      For example, lentinan, a form of mushroom derived β-glucans, has been found to bind to scavenger receptor found on the surface of myeloid cells and triggers phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), Akt kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.The adaptive immune system functions through the combined action of antigen-presenting cells and T cells. Specifically, class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) antigen presentation to CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells is limited to proteosome-generated peptides from intracellular pathogens. On the other hand, the class II MHC (MHC-II) endocytic pathway presents only proteolytic peptides from extracellular pathogens to CD4(+) T helper cells. Carbohydrates have been previously thought to stimulate immune responses independently of T cells.

 

Anti-cancer effects of β-glucans.

Many edible fungi particularly in the mushroom species yield immunogenic substances with potential anticancer activity. β-glucans are one of the common active components. In limited clinical trials on human cancers, most were well tolerated. Among them, lentinan derived from Lentinus edodes is a form of β-glucans. Since it has poor enteric absorption, intrapleural, intra-peritoneal or intravenous routes had been adopted in clinical trials which showed some clinical benefit when used as an adjuvant to chemotherapy.Results of the clinical application of lentinan have proven prolongation of life span of the patients with advanced and recurrent stomach, colorectal, and breast cancer with only little toxic side effect.
       They can prevent oncogenesis due to the protective effect against potent genotoxic carcinogens. As immunostimulating agent, which acts through the activation of macrophages and NK cell cytotoxicity, beta-glucan can inhibit tumor growth in promotion stage too. Anti-angiogenesis can be one of the pathways through which beta-glucans can reduce tumor proliferation, prevent tumor metastasis. beta-Glucan as adjuvant to cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy demonstrated the positive role in the restoration of hematopiesis following by bone marrow injury. Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies is a novel strategy of cancer treatment. These antibodies activate complement system and opsonize tumor cells with iC3b fragment. In contrast to microorganisms, tumor cells, as well as other host cells, lack beta-glucan as a surface component and cannot trigger complement receptor 3-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and initiate tumor-killing activity. This mechanism could be induced in the presence of beta-glucans.


Dr.Kalonga,AE.

Project Manager.

Mamaland Mushroom Farm(2015).

E-Mail:-Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com,

Phone:+2550682757566/+255752007108.

Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:Mamaland mushroom farm.

Blog:Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com

MYCOREMEDITATION-Dr.Kalonga,AE.

      

 

One of the major environmental problems facing the

world today is the contamination of soil, water and

air by toxic chemicals as a result of industrializa

tion and extensive use of pesticides in agriculture.

.

Incineration is currently the most effective and co

mmon remediation practice but is costly in terms of

money and energy used. A rapid cost effective and e

cologically responsible method of clean-up is

“bioremediation” which utilizes micro-organisms to

degrade toxic pollutants in an efficient economical

approach. Toxic chemicals are degraded to less harm

ful forms. Although, bioremediation by bacteria

agents has received attention of workers, the role

of fungi has been inadequately studied. The ability

of

fungi to transform a wide variety of hazardous chem

icals has aroused interest in using them for

bioremediation. Mushroom forming fungi (mostly basi

diomycetes), are amongst nature’s most powerful

decomposers, secreting strong extra cellular enzyme

s due to their aggressive growth and biomass

production. These enzymes include lignin peroxidase

s (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase,

etc. Thus, carbon sources such as sawdust, straw an

d corn cob can be used to enhance degradation

rates by these organisms at polluted sites. White r
ot fungi have been used for biotransformation of

pesticides, degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons a

nd lignocellulolytic wastes in the pulp and paperindustry.

The main mechanism of biodegradation employed by this

group of fungi is the lignin degradation system of

enzymes. Extra-cellular lignin modifying enzymes

(LME’s) have very low substrates-specificity so they are

able to mineralize a wide range of highly recalcitrant

organopollutants that is structurally similar to lignin. The major

components of lignin degradation system include lignin-

peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP), H2O2

producing enzymes and laccase,

although not all lignolytic fungi show the three types ofenzymatic activity.

It has been demonstrated that a lot of species

belonging to the group of white-rot fungi are ableto

degrade lignin, which is a naturally occurring polymer

.This capacity is assumed to resultfrom

the activities of extracellular oxidases and laccases. These enzymes are non-

specific; they oxidize a wide range of xenobiotics.

   

Mamaland Mushroom Farm.

Cellphone:+255752007108/
+255682757566,
E-mail:mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com.
Blogspot:mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com.
Facebook:Mamaland Mushroom Farm.
Morogoro,Tanzania.
#Mushroom_Is_Therapy.
Fight Against Malnutrition,Save Lives.
100% Organic Nutrients.

 

OPPORTUNITIES OF MUSHROOM CULTIVATION PRACTICES.

OPPORTUNITIES OF MUSHROOM CULTIVATION PRACTICES.

         Mushrooms are a high value crop, and consumer demand has markedly increased in recent years. Nowhere is this trend more clear than with specialty mushrooms, such as oyster and shiitake. Although requiring very different conditions and practices compared with more traditional "green" crops, mushrooms are a viable option for the small-scale grower. As with all ventures, however, research and strategy are essential if you're hoping to make a profit as a mushroom grower.

            Growers should have a thorough understanding of the biological requirements of mushrooms, and especially which species is most suitable for the environment that can be provided. Mushrooms have markedly different life cycles than green plants, a shorter refrigerated shelf life than most, and different pests. Production is extremely dependent on careful control of moisture, air movement, light and temperature control -- which can be unreliable to depend on outdoors, and cheap to maintain indoors.

      Button and oyster mushrooms are the easiest to grow, and can be integrated into an existing garden facility or on their own "substrates" (specialized growing medium), making them the best candidate for small-scale commercial production.        

           Shiitakes grow on decomposing hardwood, which will involve saws and safety equipment, or at least sufficient space for synthetic or prepared logs. In general, shiitakes require more attention to environmentally appropriate strains and timed irrigation than button or oyster mushrooms, but none of these will incur the same costs as other commercially grown edible fungi.

       A careful analysis of your potential market is essential when deciding whether to pursue a profit motive in mushroom growing. Mail-order and Internet sales will extend your range, but most growers should Investigate the potential for sales to locally owned groceries or restaurants, direct sale at farmers markets (or on your website), and involvement with a cooperative. Consider offering your product in a variety of ways to compensate for a more competitive market, or simply to add additional potential for revenue. This may include selling dried or canned mushrooms. careful analysis of your potential market is essential when deciding whether to pursue a profit motive in mushroom growing. Mail-order and Internet sales will extend your range, but most growers should Investigate the potential for sales to locally owned groceries or restaurants, direct sale at farmers markets (or on your website), and involvement with a cooperative. Consider offering your product in a variety of ways to compensate for a more competitive market, or simply to add additional potential for revenue. This may include selling dried or canned mushrooms. 

Mamaland Mushroom Farm.

Cellphone:+255752007108/
+255682757566,
E-mail:mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com.
Blogspot:mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com.
Facebook:Mamaland Mushroom Farm.
Morogoro,Tanzania.
#Mushroom_Is_Therapy.
Fight Against Malnutrition,Save Lives.
100% Organic Nutrients.

 

 

OYSTER MUSHROOM SPAWN FOR SALE.

OYSTER MUSHROOM SPAWN FOR SALE.

 

Profitable Mushrooms productions depends much on availability of cheap and quality mushroom spawns.By knowing significance of quality standard mushrooms spawn,our farm offers quality spawns[Oyster mushroom spawn] in an affordable prices.We invites orders of mushroom spawns and gourmet mushrooms both flesh and dry mushrooms.

For those who wants to order,please contact us through:-
 
Cellphone:+255752007108/
+255682757566,
E-mail:mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com.
Blogspot:mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com.
Facebook:Mamaland Mushroom Farm.
Morogoro,Tanzania.
#Mushroom_Is_Therapy.
Fight Against Malnutrition,Save Lives.
100% Organic Nutrients.

PEST MANAGEMENT MEASURES IN MUSHROOM CULTIVATION-Dr.Kalonga,AE.

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</script>PEST MANAGEMENT MEASURES IN MUSHROOM CULTIVATION-Dr.Kalonga,AE.

. 

• Clean and disinfect mushroom houses thoroughly before cultivation.

•  Remove any waste, weed, mushroom debris, and water containers inside or outside mushroom houses that attract flies or on which flies can live.

•  Exclude flies with a mesh with apertures not greater than 0.5-0.6mm on air inlets. Keep doors closed insofar as possible, particularly during spawning and mycelium growth phase.

• Maintaining a low fly population during spawn run is of Major importance as early flies give rise to the initial infestation which culminates in the high populations that appear later in the cropping cycle.

•  Pasteurize substrates thoroughly. This is very important, especially for mite control.
•  Burning mosquito coils is known as a very effective control method of adult flies inside mushroom houses.
  
  Mamaland Mushroom Farm(2016).
  E-Mail:-Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com,
  Phone:+2550682757566/+255752007108.
  Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:Mamaland Mushroom Farm.
  Blog:Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com