FUNGI AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: THE DISCOVERY OF CYCLOSPORINE FROM TOLYPOCLADIUM INFLATUM.

FUNGI AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: THE DISCOVERY OF CYCLOSPORINE FROM TOLYPOCLADIUM INFLATUM.

Fungal species have an immense contribution owing to their potential to carry out the bio-transformations and drug synthesis in diverse conditions and in an eco-friendly manner. Advancement in the biotechnological processes has accelerated the process. Genome sequence information of various fungal species has opened newer avenues for improved and faster drug targeting and designing. The review highlights the production of pharmaceutical drugs and drug intermediates like antibiotics, anti-cancer, anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, immunosuppressant, anti-anxiety, anti-virals and many other drugs from fungus. Many of these have been commercialized and there are many more which are either in research or in clinical trial phase. There is a need to exploit and explore the vast biota of fungi in the hope of discovering untapped therapeutic uses of the earth’s countless species of fungus.
Cyclosporine was discovered in 1969. It's produced by a soil mold called Tolypocladium inflatum. In 1996 it was discovered that this mold is actually a stage in the life of a fungus known as Cordyceps subsessilis, which is a parasite of beetles. The soil stage of the fungus is much more common than the parasitic stage.

Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant. It decreases the activity of the immune system, reducing the probability that it will attack and destroy an organ or tissue coming from another person. The immune system normally protects us from cells and particles that don't belong in our body. By preventing the immune system from doing its job in the case of a transplant, cyclosporine is a potential life-saver. There is a drawback to the drug, however. While taking the medication a patient may be more susceptible to infections because their immune system is hampered.
Cyclosporine is also prescribed for some cases of psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis, especially when these conditions haven't responded to other treatments. These are all autoimmune disorders, conditions in which the immune system is overactive and mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Dampening the response of the immune system can relieve a patient's symptoms. 

Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).
E-Mail:- Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail. com,
Phone: +255621080300.
Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/ Google+:-
Mamaland Mushroom Farms.
Blog:- Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com.
© Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).

Mushroom Research and Development Initiative (MRADI): L.E.A.R.N (Love Environment and Reliable Nutriceuticals) Program as Mind-tool on helping to teach mushroom farming opportunities as an alternative to destructive human activities destroy natural envinronment of ULUGURU ARC MOUNTAIN.

Mushroom Research and Development Initiative (MRADI): 

L.E.A.R.N (Love Environment and Reliable Nutriceuticals) Program as Mind-tool on helping to teach mushroom farming opportunities as an alternative to destructive human activities destroy natural envinronment of ULUGURU ARC MOUNTAIN.

 

Most of the mushrooms growing on the forest floor are intimately linked to trees by symbiosis. This association, called mycorrhiza, occurs between the root ends of a tree and the vegetative system of a mushroom. Mycorrhiza benefits both organisms: there is an exchange of nutrients, one providing to other what it cannot synthesize or extract from the soil by itself. In general, the mushroom helps the tree extract minerals and water from the soil; in exchange, the tree supplies the mushroom with sugar compounds (carbohydrates).
Mushrooms cannot synthesize their own food from the sun’s energy like plants. They lack chlorophyll – the substance which permits plants to use sunlight to form sugars from the water and carbon dioxide in the air. Mushrooms therefore had to develop special methods of living: symbiosis, saprophytism and parasitism.
Saprophytism is another important living method for mushrooms, especially for species which grow on lawns, on rotting wood or on excrement. Here the mushroom’s role is one of decomposition. It feeds itself by digesting the organic matter and at the same time returns nutrients to the soil.
Finally, some mushrooms are parasites. There are several kinds of parasitism, ranging from the species which attacks a healthy host (tree, plant or insect) and lives on it without killing it, to the kind which attacks only unhealthy hosts, thereby hastening their death. 

Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).
E-Mail:- Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail. com,
Phone: +255621080300.
Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/ Google+:-
Mamaland Mushroom Farms.
Blog:- Mamalandmushroomproject. blogspot.com.
© Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).

FUNGI AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: THE DISCOVERY OF PENICILLIN FROM PENICILLIUM.

FUNGI AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: THE DISCOVERY OF PENICILLIN FROM PENICILLIUM.

Penicillin one of the world’s first antibiotics was discovered in London in September of 1928. Penicillin is a group of antibiotics which include penicillin G, penicillin V, procaine penicillin, and benzathine penicillin. Dr. Alexander Fleming, the bacteriologist on duty at St. Mary’s Hospital, returned from a summer vacation in Scotland to find a messy lab bench and a good deal more.

Upon examining some colonies of Staphylococcus aureus, Dr. Fleming noted that a mold called Penicillium notatum had contaminated his Petri dishes. After carefully placing the dishes under his microscope, he was amazed to find that the mold prevented the normal growth of the staphylococci.
It took Fleming a few more weeks to grow enough of the persnickety mold so that he was able to confirm his findings. His conclusions turned out to be phenomenal: there was some factor in the Penicillium mold that not only inhibited the growth of the bacteria but, more important, might be harnessed to combat infectious diseases.
As Dr. Fleming famously wrote about that red-letter date: “When I woke up just after dawn on September 28, 1928, I certainly didn’t plan to revolutionize all medicine by discovering the world’s first antibiotic, or bacteria killer. But I guess that was exactly what I did.”
Fourteen years later, in March 1942, Anne Miller became the first civilian patient to be successfully treated with penicillin, lying near death at New Haven Hospital in Connecticut, after miscarrying and developing an infection that led to blood poisoning. As we celebrate Alexander Fleming’s great accomplishment, we will recall that penicillin also required the midwifery of Dr. Howard Florey, Dr. Ernst Chain and Dr. Norman Heatley, as well as an army of laboratory workers.

Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).
E-Mail:- Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com,
Phone: +255621080300.
Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:- Mamaland Mushroom Farms.
Blog:- Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com.

© Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).

MAMALAND MUSHROOM FARMS COOKING COMPETITION- (July 1-Aug 1, 2018).

MAMALAND MUSHROOM FARMS COOKING COMPETITION- (July 1-Aug 1, 2018).

General Overview.
The aim of the competition organized by Mamaland Mushroom Farms is to discover new culinary talents from the participating customers. Although the competition will be held at each participant's kitchen, the clean kitchen should not be ignored.

The premises.
The competition will be held at each participant's kitchen.
There is no limitation to number of participants.

The competition.
Purpose: To prepare a dish using products placed in a competition box. Each participant will receive the same amount of the same products.
The Competition boxes may contain:
Mushroom, Vegetables, spices.

Rules.
Participants shall not be allowed to join the competition after the scheduled starting time.
Participants under the influence of alcohol or drugs, shall not be allowed to take part in the competition.

Mamaland Mushroom Farms will provide the participants with:
-Mushroom and products required for the preparation of mushroom foods (Selling competition box).
-Badges.
-For the sake of organization during the competition, badges will be issued for the participants.

Mamaland Mushroom Farms will take the responsibility:
-To organize culinary demonstrations at Mamaland Mushroom Farms after the competition;
-To assist in the organization of other events accompanying the competition;
-To provide staff and support during the culinary competition at Mamaland Mushroom Farms.
-To provide badges, promotional materials and certificates;
-To provide products for the competition;
-To provide the necessary equipment;
To organize all the activities related to conducting the First competition for environmentally friendly cooking at Mamaland Mushroom Farms;

Deadline.
The deadline of submitting recipes, picture and videos will be Aug 1, 2018. The winner will be announced in Aug 8,2018.

Mamaland Mushroom Farms Cooking Award.
First Award:
- Featured in Our magazine,
-Free mushroom cultivation course at Mamaland Mushroom Farms,
-Mushroom Special Gift Box.

Second award:
-Ten packets of our delicious mushroom.
-Our branded T-shirt.

This is our unique cooking competition, it will be conducted straight from your kitchen. This year is for Tanzanian candidates only, we are striving to conduct for our friends, partners and customers outside Tanzania on coming year. All you need to do is to buy our competition box which has number of candidate. Take clear pictures, videos and written recipes of your creativity. Relax and Enjoy.

Recipes, picture and videos must sent via our contacts below:-

Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).
E-Mail:-Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com,
Phone: +255621-080300.
Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:-
Mamaland Mushroom Farms.
Blog: Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com
Fight Back Against Malnutrition,Save Lives.
Mushroom is Therapy.
#Mushroom_Is_Therapy.

MAMALAND ONLINE MUSHROOM PRODUCTION COURSE (MOMPC): AN E-AGRICULTURE CONNECTS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND MYCOLOGICAL SCIENCES IN AFRICA.

MAMALAND ONLINE MUSHROOM PRODUCTION COURSE (MOMPC): 

AN E-AGRICULTURE CONNECTS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND MYCOLOGICAL SCIENCES IN AFRICA.

Information and communication technology in agriculture (ICT in agriculture), also known as e-agriculture, is developing and applying innovative ways to use ICTs in the rural domain, with a primary focus on agriculture. ICT in agriculture offers a wide range of solutions to some agricultural challenges. It is seen as an emerging field focusing on the enhancement of agricultural and rural development through improved information and communication processes.

E-agriculture continues to evolve in scope as new ICT applications continue to be harnessed in the agriculture sector. More specifically, e-agriculture involves the conceptualization, design, development, evaluation and application of innovative ways to use ICTs in the rural domain, with a primary focus on agriculture. Provisions of standards, norms, methodologies, and tools as well as development of individual and institutional capacities, and policy support are all key components of e-agriculture. Through ICTs, Mamaland Online Mushroom Production Course have a possibility of strengthening the linkage between extension, research and farmers.

ICTs and agricultural extension services.

• ICTs are very useful in agricultural extension and advisory services and in facilitating reaching out to family farmers.

• Extension and Advisory services play a crucial role in promoting agricultural productivity, increasing food security, improving rural livelihoods.

The specific roles of agricultural extension services were enumerated as aiming to,

• Improve the wellbeing of individuals and communities.

• Change production systems so that they improve rural livelihoods and sustain the resource base.

• Improve agriculture and the social, economic and political status of rural communities.

• Improve the well-being of farm families.

• Improve productivity and livelihoods for farmers.

• Increase and improve farmers’ incomes and productivity on a sustainable basis.

• Enhance farmers’ production.

• Attain higher levels of efficiency in the farm enterprise.

• Attain food security and improve rural livelihoods.

Mamaland Online Mushroom Production Course deliver the freedom to learn and the tools to succeed, empowering you knowledge and boost your career in mushroom industry. Flexible learning on your schedule.

Below is the farm of the participant of Mamaland Online Mushroom Production Course. 

Join to grab opportunities.

Anywhere, Anytime.

Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).

E-Mail:-Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com,

Phone: +255621-080300.

Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:-

Mamaland Mushroom Farms. 

Blog: Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com

Fight Back Against Malnutrition,Save Lives. 

Mushroom is Therapy. 

#Mushroom_Is_Therapy.

MAMALAND MUSHROOM FARMS COOKING COMPETITION FOR HOBBYIST.

MAMALAND MUSHROOM FARMS COOKING COMPETITION FOR HOBBYIST.

GET PREPARED. The Season 1 for 2018 is coming soon.

Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).
Research, Development & Product Designing Department (RDPSD).
E-Mail:-Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com,
Phone: +255621-080300.
Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:-
Mamaland Mushroom Farms.
Blog: Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com
Fight Back Against Malnutrition, Save Lives.

INTERNATIONAL DAY OF AFRICAN CHILD JUNE 16, 2018: “Leave No Child Behind for Africa’s Development.”

INTERNATIONAL DAY OF AFRICAN CHILD JUNE 16, 2018:

“Leave No Child Behind for Africa’s Development.”

International Day of the African Child took place on June 16, 2018. The Day of the African Child has been celebrated every year since 1991, when it was first initiated by the Organisation of African Unity. It honors those who participated in the Soweto Uprising in 1976 on that day. It also raises awareness of the continuing need for improvement of the education provided to African children. In Soweto, South Africa, on June 16, 1976, about ten thousand black school children marched in a column more than half a mile long, protesting the poor quality of their education and demanding their right to be taught in their own language. Hundreds of young students were shot, the most famous of which being Hector Peterson. More than a hundred people were killed in the protests of the following two weeks, and more than a thousand were injured.
The Day of the African Child (DAC) 2018 will be observed Under the theme “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development for Children in Africa: Accelerating protection, empowerment and equal opportunity”. The Child friendly version is “Accelerating protection, empowerment and equal opportunities for children in Africa by 2030″. Mamaland Mushroom Farms,is part of the efforts to elevate child protection agenda in conflict situation in Africa as well as a guarantee the protection and preservation of life and well-being of the African children.

DAC 2018 is commemorated every year on 16 June. Under the theme “The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development for Children in Africa: Accelerating protection, empowerment and equal opportunity” we should reduce deaths of children under five which over 54% contributed by Protein-Energy Malnutrition (P.E.M) by using alternative protein source such as Mushrooms.

Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).
E-Mail:-Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com,
Phone: +255621-080300.
Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:-
Mamaland Mushroom Farms.
Blog: Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com
Fight Back Against Malnutrition, Save Lives.

REDUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY BIO-CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTES INTO NUTRITIOUS MUSHROOMS.

REDUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY BIO-CONVERSION OF ORGANIC WASTES INTO NUTRITIOUS MUSHROOMS.

Organic solid wastes are a kind of biomass, which are generated annually through the activities of the agricultural,forest and food processing industries.They consist mainly of three components:cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin.The general term for these organic wastes is lignocellulose.It is common knowledge that lignocellulosic wastes are available in abundance both in the rural areas.They have insignificant or less commercial value and certainly no food value, at least in their original form.When carelessly disposed of in the surrounding environment by dumping or burning, these wastes are bound to lead to environmental pollution and consequently health hazards.It should be recognised that the wastes are resources out of place and their proper management and utilization would lead to further economic growth as well.Huge quantities of lignocellulosic and other organic waste residues are generated annually through the activities of agricultural, forest and food processing industries.In 1999, more than3,000 million tons of cereal straws were available in the world and about half of these residues remain unused.All these lignocellulosic waste residues can be used as substrate growing mushrooms;otherwise,they would cause health hazards.

Mushroom enzymes can break down lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose present in these organic materials into simpler molecules, which the mushrooms then use for their growth and metabolism.Lignocellulosic compounds are complex and insoluble.They can be treated by various chemical methods, e.g. with dilute hydrochloric acid and calcium chloride to increase the digestibility and nutritional qualities, and even to form sugars to serve as carbon sources. However, these chemical methods are tedious and costly. Furthermore, treatments to eliminate adverse side effects of the chemicals are also very complex. In contrast, mushroom cultivation techniques have become significantly important in recent years in improving nutritional quality and upgrading the economic value of the solid organic wastes. Mushrooms with other fungi are presently only organisms that can synthesize and excrete the relevant hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes that enable them to degrade complex organic substrates into soluble substances which can then be absorbed by the mushrooms for their nutrients,the ability of the different mushroom species to utilize various substrates will depend on both mushroom-and substrate-associated factors.For example, examination of the lignocellulolytic enzymes profiles of the three important commercially cultivated mushrooms exhibit varying abilities to utilise different lignocellulosics as growth substrate.Lentinula edodes is cultivated on highly lignified substrates such as wood or sawdust, produces two extracellular enzymes(manganese peroxidase and laccase) which have been associated with lignin depolymerisation.Conversely,Volvariella volvacea prefers high cellulose- low lignin-containing substrates such as paddy straw and cotton wastes which have relatively low lignin content, and produces a family of cellulolytic enzymes including at least five end oglucanases,five cellobihydrolases and two ß-glucosidases,but none of the recognised lignin-degrading enzymes.
Pleurotus ostreatus is the most adaptable of the three species and can be grown on a wide variety of agricultural waste materials of differing composition in terms of polysaccharide/lignin ration,because it is able to excrete both kinds of cellulose- and lignin-degrading enzymes.

Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).
E-Mail:-Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com,
Phone: +255621-080300.
Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:-
Mamaland Mushroom Farms.
Blog: Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com
Fight Back Against Malnutrition, Save Lives.

WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOM: ONLY AT MAMALAND MUSHROOM FARMS.

WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOM: ONLY AT MAMALAND MUSHROOM FARMS.

Mamaland Mushroom Farms harnessing, processing and preserving the edible fruit bodies of Afrocantharellus, Lactarius, Russula, Termitomyces and Amanita for storage and markerting. The mushrooms are cut into pieces and sun dried by Solar dryer innovated by our Production, Innovative Technology & Resources Management Department (PITRMD). Also mushrooms can be spread on a mat or a black nylon sheet in the sunshine for sun drying. Some, at least the acrid species, are parboiled before drying. In that case the dried mushrooms become very hard and need a long soaking or even grinding before use. Mamaland Mushroom Farms is officially offering dried edible wild mushrooms and its products for its valuable consumers. Our dried Lactarius are often sold mixed with dried Cantharellus as shown in pictures. Order yours today!

Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015). 

E-Mail:-Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com, 

Phone: +255621-080300.

Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:-
Mamaland Mushroom Farms.
Blog: Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com
Fight Back Against Malnutrition, Save Lives.

OYSTER MUSHROOM: THE CARNIVORUS MUSHROOM.

OYSTER MUSHROOM: THE CARNIVORUS MUSHROOM.

Pleurotus ostreatus, the oyster mushroom, is a common edible mushroom. It was first cultivated in Germany as a subsistence measure during World War I and is now grown commercially around the world for food. It is related to the similarly cultivated king oyster mushroom. Oyster mushrooms can also be used industrially for mycoremediation purposes.
The oyster mushroom is one of the more commonly sought wild mushrooms, though it can also be cultivated on straw and other media. The oyster mushroom is one of the few known carnivorous mushrooms. Its mycelia can kill and digest nematodes, which is believed to be a way in which the mushroom obtains nitrogen.
Oyster mushrooms are mainly cultivated in large clear polyethylene bags with buns of hay layered in the bags, and spawn sown between the layers.

 
Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).
Customer Care, Distribution & Warehousing Department (CDWD).
E-Mail:- Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com,
Phone: +255621080300.
Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:-
Mamaland Mushroom Farms.
Blog:- Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com.
© Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).

LACTARIUS ''MILKY CAPS" SPECIES.

  LACTARIUS ''MILKY CAPS" SPECIES.

Lactarius is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species. The species of the genus, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid they exude when cut or damaged.
Taxonomical classification.
Kingdom: Fungi.
Phylum: Basidiomycota.
Subphylum: Hymenomycotina.
Class: Agaricomycetes.
Subclass: Agaricomycetidae.
Order: Agaricales.
Family: Russulaceae.
Genus: Lactarius. 

Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).
Customer Care, Distribution & Warehousing Department (CDWD).
E-Mail:- Mamalandmushroomproject@gmail.com,
Phone: +255621080300.
Twitter/Facebook/Linkedin/Google+:-
Mamaland Mushroom Farms.
Blog:- Mamalandmushroomproject.blogspot.com.
© Mamaland Mushroom Farms (2015).