SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WILD TERMITOMYCES MUSHROOM AND MACROTERMES TERMITES.
Fungus-growing termites (Macrotermitinae, Isoptera) have practiced farming with their fungal symbionts of the basidiomycete genus Termitomyces (Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales) as the cultivars since ca. 24–34 million years ago in the African rainforest. Decomposing activity on plant matters of Termitomyces symbionts appears complemented by that of termite gut microbiota, which was suggested by analyzing annotated draft genomes from Macrotermes natalensis and its Termitomyces symbiont along with gut metagenomes from individuals of various termite castes.
Fungus-growing termites, much as leaf-cutting
ants, cultivate only one fungal symbiont in a colony, which is widely
accepted as a genotypic monoculture involving only one genotype of a
particular Termitomyces species. This is in sharp contrast to genotypic
polycultures and species polycultures, which are commonly adopted in
human agriculture and have widely been perceived as better farming
practices than monocultures, because diverse systems can be more
productive, stable, and resistant to invasions than less diverse
systems.
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